Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments
نویسندگان
چکیده
Although the discovery and characterization of multiple tumor antigens have sparked development many antigen/derived cancer vaccines, are poorly immunogenic thus, lack clinical efficacy. Adjuvants therefore incorporated into vaccine formulations to trigger strong long-lasting immune responses. generally been classified two categories: those that ‘depot’ (e.g. mineral salts such as aluminum hydroxide, emulsions, liposomes) act immunostimulants (Toll Like Receptor agonists, saponins, cytokines). In addition, several novel technologies using vector-based delivery used. Unfortunately, system declines with age, a phenomenon known immunosenescence, this is characterized by functional changes in both innate adaptive cellular immunity systems well lymph node architecture. While functions decline over time, others paradoxically increase. Indeed, aging be associated low level chronic inflammation—inflamm-aging. Given median age diagnosis 66 years immunotherapeutic interventions vaccines currently given combination or after other forms treatments which themselves immune-modulating potential surgery, chemotherapy radiotherapy, choice adjuvants requires careful consideration order achieve maximum response compromised environment. more trials need performed carefully assess how less conventional form adjuvants, exercise, diet psychological care all shown influence responses can improve efficacy vaccines. review, will discussed respect above-mentioned important elements.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Immunology
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1664-3224']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.615240